Enigma Solution

  The age old phrase, 'Divide and Rule', it is actually a counter to 'Unite and Revolt'. A study of history shows that in order to people to revolt, there needs to be a sharing of information about injustice or perceived atrocities, followed by discussions and debates to flare up of tempers, physical assembly of larger groups to mobilise and march against the institutions of power that the people oppose. Finally to bring down the regime. That is why all revolutions take birth when there is little or no control on freedom of assembly, speech and movement, of individuals and groups. Any place where crowds routinely converge and actively interact with each other usually under a central figure or group lends itself to be mobilised into action within a very very short time. Towns and cities, are where revolutions take birth, especially in places of education, or in work places where many people gather in routine, and are familiar with one another. In work places such as fac...

  A number of vaccines are now out to provide immunity from the dreaded Coronavirus. The most popular are the Indian 'Covaxin' and 'Covidshield', Russia's 'Gamaleya',  American BioNTech (Pfizer) and another from Moderna. Since data on Chinese vaccines is opaque and the great controversy surrounding them they have not been considered. Considering that a brand new vaccine created for a brand new disease rushed in and out of production, It is but natural that with so much negative press, and 'expert' opinions being broadcast to us all.  India is a vaccine powerhouse with 6 manufacturers producing 60% of all global requirement. While the Indian and Russian ones use viral vector technology, the two vaccines developed by Pfizer and Moderna are "Messenger RNA" (mRNA) vaccines. Messenger RNA vaccines are new and revolutionary compared to traditional methods of vaccination. Here are 5 key points to know. What are antibodies and antigens? How do trad...

To advance their own cause and to protect their interests, leaders and managers of every organisation need prompt and accurate information on what is happening both within and outside their organisations. A lot of information is in the public domain and openly available, and a lot of it has to be sourced clandestinely, this is called spying.  To know plans and intent of those being spied upon, one has to sift through both information and disinformation. To glean facts out of that information is called intelligence, in the world of espionage. Any organisation and country worth its salt has to have good spying and intelligence capabilities and capacity, it's not a choice, but a necessity. However, information while useful is mostly misused. Due to fear, blackmail, greed or ideological reasons., a majority of conflicts and competitions are lost because of betrayal, by people within.  So spying on one's own people is irresistibly tempting. Human esp...

Rich in every aspect, India is a land that has always been coveted by every power and wealth hungry empire and despot. Empires came and went plundering what they could, but it was the wily British who institutionalised empire for exploitation. It was the 'Jewel in the crown' of the British Empire, and every effort was made to retain, expand its hold on India. The Great Game nowadays means something else today but beginning in 1830 it was the rivalry between Russia and the British for control of all lands that could impact British trade In 1830  the Muslim Ottoman Empire was visibly in terminal decline and the Russian Empire was in ascendant. The British feared the invasion of India by Russia and the loss of its lucrative trade, The British lost the 4 major wars it fought with the Sikhs and the Afghanistan and eventually Afghanistan became a buffer state between the two empires. Compelled by the Americans as per the Atlantic Charter a reluctant Britain had to g...